Malformaciones esqueléticas y alteraciones del crecimiento en fetos de ratas con diabetes moderada <span class="so-article-trans-title" dir="auto"> Translated title: Skeletal malformations and growth disturbances in fetuses of mild diabetic rats </span> (2024)

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Malformaciones esqueléticas y alteraciones del crecimiento en fetos de ratas con diabetes moderada <span class="so-article-trans-title" dir="auto"> Translated title: Skeletal malformations and growth disturbances in fetuses of mild diabetic rats </span> (1)

Author(s):

Tahiry Gómez 1 , * ,

Milagros García 2 ,

Leticia Bequer 1 ,

Cindy Freiré 1 ,

María Aimee Vila 2 ,

Sonia Clapés 3

Publication date (Electronic): 22 September 2021

Journal: Biomédica

Publisher: Instituto Nacional de Salud

Keywords: diabetes mellitus experimental, teratogénesis, anomalías congénitas, macrosomía fetal, restricción del crecimiento fetal, Diabetes mellitus, experimental, teratogenesis, congenital abnormalities, fetal macrosomia, fetal growth retardation

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      Resumen

      Introducción.

      En la actualidad, la diabetes mellitus representa una de las condiciones médicas que complica el embarazo con mayor frecuencia, lo que afecta el crecimiento y el desarrollo fetal.

      Objetivo.

      Determinar las malformaciones esqueléticas y alteraciones en el crecimiento en fetos de ratas Wistar diabéticas.

      Materiales y métodos.

      Se utilizó un modelo de diabetes moderada inducida neonatalmente con estreptozotocina (STZ 100 mg/kg de peso corporal, por vía subcutánea) en ratas Wistar. En la adultez, las ratas sanas y diabéticas se aparearon con machos sanos de la misma edad y cepa. El día 20 de gestación se practicó la cesárea bajo anestesia. Se extrajeron los fetos, se pesaron y clasificaron como pequeños (PAG), adecuados (AEG) o grandes (GEG) para la edad gestacional. Los fetos seleccionados se procesaron para el análisis de anomalías esqueléticas y sitios de osificación.

      Resultados.

      En la descendencia de las ratas diabéticas, hubo un mayor porcentaje de fetos clasificados como pequeños o grandes y un menor porcentaje de fetos con peso adecuado; el promedio de peso fetal fue menor y había menos sitios de osificación. Se observaron alteraciones en la osificación de cráneo, esternón, columna vertebral, costillas y extremidades anteriores y posteriores; y también, hubo una correlación directa entre el peso y el grado de osificación fetal.

      Hubo malformaciones congénitas asociadas con la fusión y bifurcación de las costillas, así como cambios indicativos de hidrocefalia, como la forma de domo del cráneo, una amplia distancia entre los parietales y la anchura de las fontanelas anterior y posterior.

      Conclusión.

      La diabetes moderada durante la gestación altera el crecimiento y el desarrollo fetal, que se ve afectado tanto por macrosomía y la restricción del crecimiento intrauterino como por malformaciones esqueléticas.

      Abstract

      Introduction:

      Currently, diabetes mellitus represents one of the medical conditions that more frequently complicates pregnancy affecting the fetus's growth and development.

      Objective:

      To determine the skeletal malformations and growth alterations in fetuses of diabetic Wistar rats.

      Materials and methods:

      We used a neonatally streptozotocin-induced mild diabetes model (STZ 100 mg/kg body weight - subcutaneously) in Wistar rats. In adulthood, healthy and diabetic rats were mated with healthy males of the same age and strain. On day 20 of gestation, a cesarean was performed under anesthesia. Fetuses were removed, weighed, and classified as small (SPA), adequate (APA), and large (LPA) for the gestational age. Selected fetuses were processed for skeletal anomaly and ossification sites analysis.

      Results:

      In the offspring of diabetic rats, there was a higher percentage of fetuses classified as small or large and a lower percentage of fetuses with adequate weight; the fetal weight mean was lower and there were fewer sites of ossification.

      Alterations were observed in the ossification of the skull, sternum, spine, ribs and fore and hind limbs; and also, there was a direct correlation between fetal weight and ossification degree There were congenital malformations associated with fusion and bifurcation of the ribs, as well as changes indicative of hydrocephaly, such as the dome shape of the skull, a wide distance between parietals, and the width of the anterior and posterior fontanels.

      Conclusion:

      Moderate diabetes during pregnancy alters fetal growth and development with macrosomia and intrauterine growth restriction, as well as skeletal malformations.

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      Most cited references41

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      Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals

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        A systematic review of placental pathology in maternal diabetes mellitus.

        J Huynh, D. Brian Dawson, D Roberts (2015)

        During a pregnancy complicated by diabetes, the human placenta undergoes a number of functional and structural pathologic changes, such as increased placental weight and increased incidence of placental lesions including villous maturational defects and fibrinoid necrosis. The pathologic findings reported have differed among studies, potentially reflecting differences in type of diabetes, study methodology, or glycemic control of study participants. Alternatively, these discrepancies may represent different biologic adaptations to distinct metabolic diseases.

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          Animal models in diabetes and pregnancy.

          Andrew V. White, A Jawerbaum (2010)

          The worldwide increase in the incidence of diabetes, the increase in type 2 diabetes in women at reproductive ages, and the cross-generation of the intrauterine programming of type 2 diabetes are the bases for the growing interest in the use of experimental diabetic models in order to gain insight into the mechanisms of induction of developmental alterations in maternal diabetes. In this scenario, experimental models that present the most common features of diabetes in pregnancy are highly required. Several important aspects of human diabetic pregnancies such as the increased rates of spontaneous abortions, malformations, fetoplacental impairments, and offspring diseases in later life can be approached by using the appropriate animal models. The purpose of this review is to give a practical and critical guide into the most frequently used experimental models in diabetes and pregnancy, discuss their advantages and limitations, and describe the aspects of diabetes and pregnancy for which these models are thought to be adequate. This review provides a comprehensive view and an extensive analysis of the different models and phenotypes addressed in diabetic animals throughout pregnancy. The review includes an analysis of the surgical, chemical-induced, and genetic experimental models of diabetes and an evaluation of their use to analyze early pregnancy defects, induction of congenital malformations, placental and fetal alterations, and the intrauterine programming of metabolic diseases in the offspring's later life.

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            Author and article information

            Journal

            Journal ID (nlm-ta): Biomedica

            Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Biomedica

            Journal ID (publisher-id): bio

            Title: Biomédica

            Publisher: Instituto Nacional de Salud

            ISSN (Print): 0120-4157

            ISSN (Electronic): 2590-7379

            Publication date (Electronic): 22 September 2021

            Publication date Collection: September 2021

            Volume: 41

            Issue: 3

            Pages: 5736-6503

            Affiliations

            [1 ] original Unidad de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara, Santa Clara, Cuba normalizedInstituto Superior de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara orgdiv1Unidad de Investigaciones Biomédicas orgnameUniversidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara Santa Clara, Cuba

            [2 ] original Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara, Santa Clara, Cuba normalizedInstituto Superior de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina orgnameUniversidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara Santa Clara, Cuba

            [3 ] original Instituto de Ciencias Básicas y Preclínicas "Victoria de Girón"' Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana, La Habana, Cuba normalizedUniversidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana orgdiv1Instituto de Ciencias Básicas y Preclínicas "Victoria de Girón"' orgnameUniversidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana La Habana, Cuba

            Author notes

            [* ] Correspondencia: Tahiry Gómez, Calle Prolongación de 7ma e/ Avenida Hospital y Colón # 80, Santa Clara, Cuba Teléfono: 5553 2001 tahirygh@ 123456infomed.sld.cu

            Conflicto de intereses: Los autores declaran que no existen conflictos de intereses.

            Article

            DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.5736

            PMC ID: 8519598

            PubMed ID: 34559496

            SO-VID: 2283ff0b-3cfd-4346-8f7a-0b9650c5177f

            License:

            Este es un artículo publicado en acceso abierto bajo una licencia Creative Commons

            History

            Date received : 07 October 2020

            Date accepted : 03 May 2021

            Date: 04 May 2021

            Page count

            Figures: 4, Tables: 1, Equations: 0, References: 32, Pages: 11

            Categories

            Subject: Artículo Original


            Keywords: diabetes mellitus experimental,teratogénesis,anomalías congénitas,macrosomía fetal,restricción del crecimiento fetal,diabetes mellitus, experimental,teratogenesis,congenital abnormalities,fetal macrosomia,fetal growth retardation

            Data availability:

            Keywords: diabetes mellitus experimental, teratogénesis, anomalías congénitas, macrosomía fetal, restricción del crecimiento fetal, diabetes mellitus, experimental, teratogenesis, congenital abnormalities, fetal macrosomia, fetal growth retardation

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            Malformaciones esqueléticas y alteraciones del crecimiento en fetos de ratas con diabetes moderada  <span class="so-article-trans-title" dir="auto"> Translated title: Skeletal malformations and growth disturbances in fetuses of mild diabetic rats </span> (2024)
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