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research-article
Author(s):
Tahiry Gómez 1 , * ,
Milagros García 2 ,
Leticia Bequer 1 ,
Cindy Freiré 1 ,
María Aimee Vila 2 ,
Sonia Clapés 3
Publication date (Electronic): 22 September 2021
Journal: Biomédica
Publisher: Instituto Nacional de Salud
Keywords: diabetes mellitus experimental, teratogénesis, anomalías congénitas, macrosomía fetal, restricción del crecimiento fetal, Diabetes mellitus, experimental, teratogenesis, congenital abnormalities, fetal macrosomia, fetal growth retardation
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En la actualidad, la diabetes mellitus representa una de las condiciones médicas que complica el embarazo con mayor frecuencia, lo que afecta el crecimiento y el desarrollo fetal. Determinar las malformaciones esqueléticas y alteraciones en el crecimiento en fetos de ratas Wistar diabéticas. Se utilizó un modelo de diabetes moderada inducida neonatalmente con estreptozotocina (STZ 100 mg/kg de peso corporal, por vía subcutánea) en ratas Wistar. En la adultez, las ratas sanas y diabéticas se aparearon con machos sanos de la misma edad y cepa. El día 20 de gestación se practicó la cesárea bajo anestesia. Se extrajeron los fetos, se pesaron y clasificaron como pequeños (PAG), adecuados (AEG) o grandes (GEG) para la edad gestacional. Los fetos seleccionados se procesaron para el análisis de anomalías esqueléticas y sitios de osificación. En la descendencia de las ratas diabéticas, hubo un mayor porcentaje de fetos clasificados como pequeños o grandes y un menor porcentaje de fetos con peso adecuado; el promedio de peso fetal fue menor y había menos sitios de osificación. Se observaron alteraciones en la osificación de cráneo, esternón, columna vertebral, costillas y extremidades anteriores y posteriores; y también, hubo una correlación directa entre el peso y el grado de osificación fetal. Hubo malformaciones congénitas asociadas con la fusión y bifurcación de las costillas, así como cambios indicativos de hidrocefalia, como la forma de domo del cráneo, una amplia distancia entre los parietales y la anchura de las fontanelas anterior y posterior. Introduction: Currently, diabetes mellitus represents one of the medical conditions that more frequently complicates pregnancy affecting the fetus's growth and development. Objective: To determine the skeletal malformations and growth alterations in fetuses of diabetic Wistar rats. Materials and methods: We used a neonatally streptozotocin-induced mild diabetes model (STZ 100 mg/kg body weight - subcutaneously) in Wistar rats. In adulthood, healthy and diabetic rats were mated with healthy males of the same age and strain. On day 20 of gestation, a cesarean was performed under anesthesia. Fetuses were removed, weighed, and classified as small (SPA), adequate (APA), and large (LPA) for the gestational age. Selected fetuses were processed for skeletal anomaly and ossification sites analysis. Results: In the offspring of diabetic rats, there was a higher percentage of fetuses classified as small or large and a lower percentage of fetuses with adequate weight; the fetal weight mean was lower and there were fewer sites of ossification. Alterations were observed in the ossification of the skull, sternum, spine, ribs and fore and hind limbs; and also, there was a direct correlation between fetal weight and ossification degree There were congenital malformations associated with fusion and bifurcation of the ribs, as well as changes indicative of hydrocephaly, such as the dome shape of the skull, a wide distance between parietals, and the width of the anterior and posterior fontanels. Resumen
Introducción.
Objetivo.
Materiales y métodos.
Resultados.
Abstract
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Most cited references41
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A systematic review of placental pathology in maternal diabetes mellitus.
J Huynh, D. Brian Dawson, D Roberts … (2015)
During a pregnancy complicated by diabetes, the human placenta undergoes a number of functional and structural pathologic changes, such as increased placental weight and increased incidence of placental lesions including villous maturational defects and fibrinoid necrosis. The pathologic findings reported have differed among studies, potentially reflecting differences in type of diabetes, study methodology, or glycemic control of study participants. Alternatively, these discrepancies may represent different biologic adaptations to distinct metabolic diseases.
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Animal models in diabetes and pregnancy.
Andrew V. White, A Jawerbaum (2010)
The worldwide increase in the incidence of diabetes, the increase in type 2 diabetes in women at reproductive ages, and the cross-generation of the intrauterine programming of type 2 diabetes are the bases for the growing interest in the use of experimental diabetic models in order to gain insight into the mechanisms of induction of developmental alterations in maternal diabetes. In this scenario, experimental models that present the most common features of diabetes in pregnancy are highly required. Several important aspects of human diabetic pregnancies such as the increased rates of spontaneous abortions, malformations, fetoplacental impairments, and offspring diseases in later life can be approached by using the appropriate animal models. The purpose of this review is to give a practical and critical guide into the most frequently used experimental models in diabetes and pregnancy, discuss their advantages and limitations, and describe the aspects of diabetes and pregnancy for which these models are thought to be adequate. This review provides a comprehensive view and an extensive analysis of the different models and phenotypes addressed in diabetic animals throughout pregnancy. The review includes an analysis of the surgical, chemical-induced, and genetic experimental models of diabetes and an evaluation of their use to analyze early pregnancy defects, induction of congenital malformations, placental and fetal alterations, and the intrauterine programming of metabolic diseases in the offspring's later life.
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Author and article information
Journal
Journal ID (nlm-ta): Biomedica
Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Biomedica
Journal ID (publisher-id): bio
Title: Biomédica
Publisher: Instituto Nacional de Salud
ISSN (Print): 0120-4157
ISSN (Electronic): 2590-7379
Publication date (Electronic): 22 September 2021
Publication date Collection: September 2021
Volume: 41
Issue: 3
Pages: 5736-6503
Affiliations
[1 ] original Unidad de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara, Santa Clara, Cuba normalizedInstituto Superior de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara orgdiv1Unidad de Investigaciones Biomédicas orgnameUniversidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara Santa Clara, Cuba
[2 ] original Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara, Santa Clara, Cuba normalizedInstituto Superior de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina orgnameUniversidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara Santa Clara, Cuba
[3 ] original Instituto de Ciencias Básicas y Preclínicas "Victoria de Girón"' Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana, La Habana, Cuba normalizedUniversidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana orgdiv1Instituto de Ciencias Básicas y Preclínicas "Victoria de Girón"' orgnameUniversidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana La Habana, Cuba
Author notes
[* ] Correspondencia: Tahiry Gómez, Calle Prolongación de 7ma e/ Avenida Hospital y Colón # 80, Santa Clara, Cuba Teléfono: 5553 2001 tahirygh@ 123456infomed.sld.cu
Article
DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.5736
PMC ID: 8519598
PubMed ID: 34559496
SO-VID: 2283ff0b-3cfd-4346-8f7a-0b9650c5177f
License:
Este es un artículo publicado en acceso abierto bajo una licencia Creative Commons
History
Date received : 07 October 2020
Date accepted : 03 May 2021
Date: 04 May 2021
Page count
Figures: 4, Tables: 1, Equations: 0, References: 32, Pages: 11
Categories
Subject: Artículo Original
Keywords: diabetes mellitus experimental,teratogénesis,anomalías congénitas,macrosomía fetal,restricción del crecimiento fetal,diabetes mellitus, experimental,teratogenesis,congenital abnormalities,fetal macrosomia,fetal growth retardation
Data availability:
Keywords: diabetes mellitus experimental, teratogénesis, anomalías congénitas, macrosomía fetal, restricción del crecimiento fetal, diabetes mellitus, experimental, teratogenesis, congenital abnormalities, fetal macrosomia, fetal growth retardation
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